Political Escape Velocity: How Lindsey Horvath Monetized a Part-Time Council Seat into a Full-Time Supervisor

For more than nine years a billboard executive sat on the West Hollywood City Council. She voted seventy-eight times on the city’s billboard program, and every one of those years she was getting paid by an agency that managed campaigns on those billboards. She never once recused.

The Council appointed her in 2009 without anyone on the dais asking what she did for a living.

Today West Hollywood is at a breaking point, with the City Council held hostage by conflicts of interest and residents and businesses paying the price. Close Horvath allies Councilmembers Erickson and Byers are running the same scheme to get ahead politically and profit, covering for each other while enjoying the perks of elected life.

01Paid by the industry she regulated

Today Lindsey Horvath is one of the loudest voices in Los Angeles County government on the future of Warner Bros. Twice in 2026 she moved the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors to intervene against the studio’s sale, and both times the other four supervisors voted with her.

On July 13 she claimed the fight as her own: “12 states are suing to block the WB-Paramount Merger to protect our signature industry and our workers. Because of the motion I authored, LA County will be taking action with them.”¹

A few years ago the agency that was paying her was doing Warner Bros billboard campaigns, and she was photographing those campaigns on the Sunset Strip and thanking the studio publicly “for the opportunity.” Horvath has never publicly explained that relationship.

VideoSpecial meeting, May 6, 2009. Mayor Abbe Land opens the appointmentCity of West Hollywood, Granicus archive, clip 676, 2:47 to 3:37

Stream-copied from the City of West Hollywood’s own Granicus encode. Picture and sound are the City’s, untouched.

Horvath’s career in public office began seventeen years ago, and it began by appointment rather than by election. In May 2009 the West Hollywood City Council had a vacancy to fill and chose to fill it itself. The person it chose, a 26-year-old named Lindsey Horvath, made movie-poster and billboard campaigns for a living, and never said so.

She served twenty-two months, lost her seat in 2011, and won it back in 2015. Six weeks after taking the seat she was Mayor. That August she took a job with a billboard advertising agency, and six weeks later, as Mayor, she chaired the City’s first hearing on a digital billboard.

For the next seven years that agency was the only outside employer she reported, and she voted fifty-nine times on the Sunset Strip billboard program. She never once recused.

VideoSpecial meeting, May 13, 2009. Mayor Abbe Land calls her upCity of West Hollywood’s Granicus archive, clip 680, 0:01:45 to 0:02:20, stream-copied

Stream-copied from the City of West Hollywood’s own Granicus encode. Picture and sound are the City’s, untouched.

The rest of the story…

On New Year’s Day 2021, Lindsey Horvath was Mayor of West Hollywood. That night she stood on the Strip, photographed a billboard, and posted it to her own Instagram account. The board carried the campaign for a Warner Bros film. In her caption she thanked the studio and named the agency that had made the artwork.

InstagramThe Mayor of West Hollywood, photographing a billboard that carried her own employer’s work.

The agency was her employer. Leroy & Rose is a billboard advertising agency, and for seven straight years it was the only outside source of income Lindsey Horvath reported, on seven disclosure forms she signed under penalty of perjury, at $10,001 to $100,000 a year. Almost nobody in this city knew that. The form does not say what the agency does, and she never once said it from the dais.^2,3

Now look at what else is in her own photograph, and at what she did with that billboard six and a half months later. Three private interests meet on one rooftop, and she held the public office that decided the fate of all three.

The address is 9157 Sunset Boulevard. She was paid by the people who made the advertisement, funded by the people who owned the billboard, and holding the gavel at the hearing that made it worth more. Then she posted a picture of it.

Read what the approval she carried on July 19, 2021 was worth. The City set the owner’s public benefit at 30% of projected value and put that share at $24.8 million to $28.7 million over thirty years, escalating 3% a year. Thirty percent is the City’s cut. On the City’s own arithmetic the billboard is projected to be worth roughly $83 million to $96 million to the operator over the life of the agreement. She did not recuse, on a board carrying her own employer’s work. The roll call is on the City’s own video at 1:49:12: “Mayor Horvath, aye.”^7,6,3

ScreenshotGoogle Street View · 9157 Sunset · February 2021Click to open the exhibit

ScreenshotGoogle Street View · 9157 Sunset · February 2021Google Street View, February 2021, retrieved through the Street View Static API; the same roof-mounted structure six weeks after her photograph.

Reproduced as captured. Nothing in the image has been altered.

DocumentStaff report · 9157 Sunset · July 19, 2021Click to open the exhibit

DocumentStaff report · 9157 Sunset · July 19, 2021West Hollywood staff report, Item 3.A, July 19, 2021, 9157 Sunset Boulevard, from the Granicus agenda packet

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Red underlining added by Occupied West Hollywood to mark the language quoted in the text. The record is public and unaltered.

Between the photograph and the vote, her own Council tried to write a rule against exactly this. On March 15, 2021, with Horvath in the chair as Mayor, the Council took up an amendment to its Code of Conduct restricting members from accepting paid work connected to policies they help shape. She voted against it. Four months later she opened the hearing on 9157 Sunset.^8,9

DocumentCode of Conduct, Rule 5.6, as adoptedWest Hollywood Code of Conduct for Elected and Appointed Officials, Item 5.E Attachment A, March 15, 2021

1

Red underlining added by Occupied West Hollywood to mark the language quoted in the text. The record is public and unaltered.

The 9157 Sunset vote is not an outlier. It is the pattern in miniature. Across Horvath’s two terms on the West Hollywood City Council the record holds seventy-seven more signage votes like it.^10,11

Horvath is not the only one working from it. John Erickson voted against that same conflict rule beside her, three months after joining the Council.⁸ He was then Vice President of Public Affairs at Planned Parenthood Los Angeles, which held a City services agreement.^12,13

On September 19, 2022 he participated in approving a $89,446 City contract with his own employer. Seven weeks later the Council rescinded that approval and re-approved it with his recusal, under an agenda item titled “Correction of Processing Error” that cites “the Councilmember employed by the contractor.”^13,12

He did it again the following year, and that one was never corrected. On September 18, 2023 the social-services renewals went through on the consent calendar with him present and no recusal. The staff report lists his employer at $91,235.^13,12

Chelsea Byers, who holds the seat Horvath vacated, is paid by a pro-density housing organization she named on her Form 700 only as “Manager,” and voted on West Hollywood housing. On June 29, 2026 the Council voted three to two to refer the question to the Fair Political Practices Commission. Byers and Erickson were the two votes against referring it.^14,15,16

These are not three separate cases. They are one network.

VideoWest Hollywood City Council, June 29, 2026, 6:45. The dais argues about waiting for the conflict reviewOccupied West Hollywood, from the City’s own meeting feed. Starts at the exchange.

Embedded from our own channel at the timestamp cited. The footage is the City’s meeting feed and nothing in it has been edited.

Horvath helped put Erickson on the Council. She endorsed him in 2020 while she was Mayor, saying he was “the person I trust to serve the people of West Hollywood with me,” appeared at his campaign launch, and gave his committee $500 across five contributions.^17,18,19 He joined that December, and within three months the two of them voted against the conflict rule side by side.⁸ She funded his re-election too, another $600 in 2024.¹⁹

Erickson in turn endorsed Byers for the seat Horvath vacated. Horvath now endorses Byers’s re-election and Erickson’s run for State Senate, and Byers endorses Erickson too: she is on his State Senate endorsement list beside Horvath.^20,21,22,23 The support runs in every direction, and none of the three arrived where they are on their own.^8,12,14

Now look at what Horvath’s signage votes actually built

ChartTwo digital billboards stood on the Sunset Strip before Horvath moved the City’s own. Fourteen have now been approved.

The fifty-nine in her elected term run from March 2015 to December 2022. Two digital boards already stood on the Sunset Strip when she moved the City’s own digital billboard in 2018. Five more were approved while she sat, six if you count faces rather than boards, because the Whisky carries two. Seven in total by the time she left. Fourteen have now been approved, most of the new ones full-motion, and the people who have repeatedly objected to each of these billboards are the ones living with all of them.^24,25

Somebody has to move these items, and after Horvath left it was mostly her two allies. Across the eleven off-site signage items the minutes attribute between her departure and June 2026, Byers moved or seconded seven and Erickson three. Between them they carried eight of the eleven, item by item in the File.^26,24 The two that widen the program beyond anything Horvath built are theirs: the October 2024 item taking off-site signage off Sunset and into commercial zones, which Byers seconded, and the June 2026 item directing staff to allow more temporary advertising installations, for longer, which Byers brought forward and Erickson seconded.^27,28

And the queue kept filling after she left. By February 2026 the City had approved twelve billboard projects and had more applications under review than it had ever approved.²⁹

The appointment nobody seemed to research

VideoSpecial meeting, May 13, 2009. The oath, and Horvath’s first remarks from the daisCity of West Hollywood, Granicus archive, clip 680, 0:02:25 to 0:08:00, stream-copied

Stream-copied from the City of West Hollywood’s own Granicus encode. Picture and sound are the City’s, untouched.

Councilmember Sal Guarriello died in April 2009. On April 27 the Council rejected the option of a special election and set up an application process for a direct appointment instead.

The Council was not short of an alternative. At that same April 27 meeting eight residents asked it to appoint Lauren Meister, who had run in the previous election and lost, and Meister asked to be considered.³⁰

A week later she took herself out of it, on principle. On May 4 she stood at the public microphone and said she had decided not to file: “after much thought, I have chosen not to turn in application for the job of interim councilmember, because … I believe in the democratic process within an election, win or lose, at least an election would be the people’s choice.” The minutes record her “decision not to submit an application.” Meister was elected to the Council in her own right in 2015 and sits on it still.^31,32

VideoPublic comment, May 4, 2009. Lauren Meister declines to applyCity of West Hollywood, Granicus archive, clip 663, 31:43 to 32:30

Stream-copied from the City of West Hollywood’s own Granicus encode. Picture and sound are the City’s, untouched.

Thirty-six applicants presented on May 6. After four narrowing rounds, the Council appointed a 26-year-old with eighteen months’ residency, four to nothing.^33,34 A week later Mayor Abbe Land administered the oath.³⁵

Consider the field Horvath was chosen out of. The tape of that night is a roll call of people who had been doing the work for decades.

Sybil Zaden had lived in West Hollywood since 1971 and had served on the transportation, planning, public facilities and business license commissions from 1986 onward. Donald DeLuccio had sat on the Planning Commission since 1997, was its vice-chair and had chaired it repeatedly. Steven Davis had been in the same apartment for twenty-four years and on the Human Services Commission for fifteen and a half. Roberta Sue Buckner had gone from the Women’s Advisory Board to years on the Rent Stabilization Commission to the Planning Commission.

Chad Blouin had been Guarriello’s own public safety commissioner for about ten years. Bruce Kaye chaired Historic Preservation, Steven Golightly chaired Public Facilities, and Pamela Komac sat on Rent Stabilization by Mayor Land’s own appointment.

The full field, with what each of them said about their own record, is tabulated in the File.^36,33,34

Horvath spoke for about two minutes. She called herself “a proud resident of West Hollywood,” gave no length of residency, and offered a single credential: her service as chair of the Women’s Advisory Board. As in the written statement, she did not say what she did for a living. The Council appointed her four to nothing.^36,33

She was the compromise, and the Council said so while it was making her one. Her name carried through every narrowing round, eleven of the twelve ballots the four members wrote, and Duran read that from the dais for exactly what it was: “maybe lindsey getting four votes suggests there is a compromise candidate.”^36,37

Then, in the final ranked round, two of the four put someone else first. Duran ranked Planning Commissioner Joseph Guardarrama one and Horvath two. Prang ranked them the same way. Only Land ranked Horvath first. Prang then resubmitted his ballot to move her to the top of it, one member asked another “john, can you live with that?”, and the answer was the sentence the night turns on: “Even though I actually think that joe is the stronger of the three candidates, I can go along with lindsey horvath as a means of compromising and getting consensus between the 4 of us.” Prang moved her election, Heilman seconded, and the roll call was four to nothing.^36,33,37

Guardarrama had been put on the Planning Commission by Sal Guarriello, the member whose death made the vacancy. The Council passed over him for someone two of them had just ranked behind him. Which of the two Johns on that dais spoke the compromise sentence, the 2009 caption file cannot settle, and we do not claim to know. What it settles is that a member who thought the Planning Commissioner was the stronger candidate voted for Horvath anyway, to produce a consensus.^33,37

The City’s own announcement told residents she was “currently employed by Canyon Design Group as an Entertainment Advertising Executive.”³⁸ In 2009 that sentence told a West Hollywood resident nothing. It meant something specific. Her federal campaign-finance filings from the same months give her occupation at Canyon as “Theatrical Print,” the trade’s term for movie posters and the outdoor campaigns cut from them.³⁹ Five days after her oath, The Hollywood Reporter published its Key Art Awards finalists. Canyon Design Group was on the list, for outdoor work on The Dark Knight that included a digital billboard countdown.³⁷

ImageThe Hollywood Reporter · May 18, 2009Click to open the exhibit

ImageThe Hollywood Reporter · May 18, 2009Archived copy (Internet Archive, 2019-11-21) of hollywoodreporter.com/news/key-art-awards-finalists-announced-84217; excerpt, text unaltered, highlighting added.

Reproduced as captured. Nothing in the image has been altered.

The Council had asked for two things in writing. Its April 27 action told the City Clerk to adapt the City Commission’s application form for the vacancy, and to require every applicant to file with it a statement of up to four hundred words on their qualifications, by 5 p.m. on May 1.³⁰ Mayor Land described both from the dais on the night: “people filled out an application, and they also did a paragraph, up to 400 words.”³⁶

Horvath filed hers, and WeHo News published the statement five days after her appointment. It runs three hundred and seventy-five words on community service, the Rent Stabilization Ordinance, green space and the City’s “award-winning arts and design industry.”

The statement never names her employer, never names her trade, and never uses the word advertising.

Beneath the statement the paper printed a further sixty-nine words, and those words carry the fact nobody on the dais appears to have weighed. Horvath had been active in the community for over four years, she said, but she had lived one block outside the City limits until she “moved into the Mid-City area of West Hollywood over a year and a half ago.”

By Horvath’s own account she had lived in West Hollywood for about eighteen months when the Council appointed her a West Hollywood councilmember. Sybil Zaden had been a resident since 1971 and on four commissions since 1986. Steven Davis had been in the same apartment for twenty-four years. Horvath had been over the City line for a year and a half.^40,36,41

Lindsey Horvath had lived in West Hollywood for eighteen months when the Council appointed her a West Hollywood councilmember.

The application form is a separate document. The City has never published it and we have not obtained it. But its absence is a smaller hole than it looks, because we already know how she described her job to the City that spring. It is the sentence quoted above, the one the City put in its own announcement: Canyon Design Group, Entertainment Advertising Executive. A company name and a job title.

Thirteen years apart, the forms produced four phrases: “Canyon Design Group,” “Entertainment Advertising Executive,” “Leroy & Rose,” “Creative Advertising and Marketing Strategy.” Not one of them contains the word billboard.

That is the mechanism. The form gives a reader a name and nothing else. LPH was Horvath’s own sole proprietorship, never registered with the state. Leroy & Rose is a boutique entertainment agency, one of many in Los Angeles, and there is no trade in the name. A resident reading either one learns nothing, which is the point: the form asks for a name, so a name is what it gets.^42,2

Her colleagues disclose the same way. Chelsea Byers names the Welcoming Neighbors Network, which reads like a block club and is a pro-density housing lobby.^15,16 John Erickson now works for the Alliance for a Better Community, and has cited it from the dais as his reason to oppose street-vendor enforcement, his employer having backed the state law that limits it.^43,44

Three officials, three names that tell a resident nothing. None of them had to lie. The form creates the opportunity for obscurity and promotes fraud rather than transparency and compliance.

Even on the most generous reading, in which she filled in every box on that 2009 form accurately, the form would have told the Council and the public exactly what her seven Form 700s would tell them later, which is nothing about what she actually did for a living.

Nobody on the dais connected those things. On the tape of the final deliberation one member said she “brings young, fresh perspective to the city”; John Duran called her “very green on land use” and, at her swearing-in, “a clean slate … none of us know anything about her.”³⁷ Lauren Meister, who had placed third in the election two months earlier and declined to apply, told WeHo News at the time: “I believe in the democratic way, with an election.”⁴⁵

VideoSpecial meeting, May 13, 2009. Councilmember John Duran on the appointmentCity of West Hollywood, Granicus archive, clip 680, 12:57 to 15:06

Stream-copied from the City of West Hollywood’s own Granicus encode. Picture and sound are the City’s, untouched.

ImageWeHo News · May 11, 2009Click to open the exhibit

ImageWeHo News · May 11, 2009Archived by the Internet Archive on 2013-09-04 (wehonews.com/z/wehonews/archive/page.php?articleID=3440); rendered 2026-09-18.

Reproduced as captured. Nothing in the image has been altered.

Horvath’s first billboard vote, and what she thought of digital signs

Her first signage item came sixty-one days after the oath. On July 13, 2009 the Council heard an appeal over a billboard permit at 9015 Sunset. A week later, on July 20, she seconded the motion approving a new 6,500 square foot tall wall on the east face of 9000 Sunset Boulevard. Land voted no. Duran disclosed that he lived within 500 feet and explained why he could vote anyway. Horvath, an executive at a company whose business was the campaigns that go on such walls, disclosed nothing. On the tape she called the wall “that much more a landmark on the Sunset Strip.”^46,47

VideoCity Council, July 20, 2009, 1:04:35 to 1:12:50. The 9000 Sunset tall wallCity of West Hollywood, Granicus archive, clip 749, stream-copied

Stream-copied from the City of West Hollywood’s own Granicus encode. Picture and sound are the City’s, untouched.

She was, by then or within weeks, moving from Canyon to Cold Open, a Venice key-art agency, where her own profile dates her start to September 2009. Cold Open made the posters that the studios cut into Sunset Strip billboards. Its clients while she was there were Warner Bros and HBO, the two heaviest advertisers on the Strip, along with Universal, Lionsgate, Fox Searchlight and A&E.⁴⁸ The creative director there was a man named Melchior Lamy. Remember that name.

Horvath said what she thought about digital signs in 2010, in her first term, years before any of this became a business for her. When a hotel developer proposed an LED display over three walls of a project on the old House of Blues site, Abbe Land called it “one of the most troubling parts of the project,” and she was the only one.

John Duran said sight and sound were “what makes the Strip the Strip” and wanted the City to take a revenue share. John Heilman called the signage “dynamic … exciting.” Jeff Prang said he would “almost have viewed this project somewhat as a pilot project,” five years before the City ran one.

Horvath said digital advertising “has always been a signature to the Sunset Strip” and that she had “no problem with advertising as it’s been presented on the building.” When the project came back in September she said, “I like the signage. I think it is what makes it creative.”^49,50,51

She lost her seat in March 2011, fifth of ten.³⁷

The comeback, the gavel, and the pilot

Horvath won it back on March 3, 2015, and the seat she took was John Heilman’s. Twelve candidates ran for three seats. The certified canvass put John D’Amico first with 2,312 votes, Lauren Meister second with 2,138, Horvath third with 2,135, and Heilman fourth with 2,066. Sixty-nine votes separated the woman he had helped appoint in 2009 from the man who had held a seat on that Council since it was created in 1984.^52,53

On March 16 the Council certified the count and swore her in. The same night, Mayor D’Amico presented keys to the City to the two members leaving the dais: Abbe Land, who was going to The Trevor Project, and Heilman, who was going because he had lost. Both had voted to appoint her six years earlier, on a roll call of four to nothing.^53,54,55

Heilman was not gone long. Jeff Prang had won the race for Los Angeles County Assessor on November 4, 2014 and resigned his Council seat effective December 1, leaving a vacancy the City filled by special election rather than appointment. Heilman won that election on June 2, 2015 and was back on the Council by June 15.^56,57,58

Six weeks after she was seated, on April 30, 2015, Horvath was sworn in as Mayor.⁵⁹

Five months into that mayoralty the digital question arrived. On September 21, 2015, an item to release a request for proposals for a “pilot digital sign” on City-owned land at 8755 Sunset came to a Council she was chairing as Mayor; it was tabled that night and approved on October 5, again with her in the chair as Mayor.⁶⁰

The staff report was candid about what the pilot was for. It was “to inform the consideration of digital signs as part of the overall offsite signage program,” to “field test the development standards and revenue potential for future signage along the Sunset Strip,” and, answering an objection from Regency Outdoor that a City digital board would devalue its inventory, staff wrote that “it is entirely possible that the study will recommend digitalization of existing billboards. Regency’s concerns are premature.”⁶¹

VideoCity Council, October 5, 2015, Item 4.C. The pilot digital sign at 8755 SunsetCity of West Hollywood, Granicus archive, clip 2718, 1:25:45 to 1:28:25. Horvath in the chair as Mayor.

Stream-copied from the City of West Hollywood’s own Granicus encode. Picture and sound are the City’s, untouched.

Horvath asked one question that night, about environmental review. She disclosed nothing.⁶⁰ There was something to disclose. The month before, she had taken a job, and the job was with a billboard-creative agency.

The job she took ninety-nine days into her mayoralty

She was sworn in as Mayor of West Hollywood on April 30, 2015. Ninety-nine days later, on August 7, Leroy & Rose registered to do business in California. By her own account she went to work there that month, at a Los Angeles agency that makes movie posters and the outdoor campaigns cut from them.

Forty-five days after that registration she chaired the first Council hearing on a City digital billboard. Fifty-nine days after it she chaired the approval.^62,63

DocumentForm 700 · FY2019Click to open the exhibit

DocumentForm 700 · FY2019Lindsey Horvath, Statement of Economic Interests, Schedule A-2, filed 2020-06-01

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Red underlining added by Occupied West Hollywood to mark the language quoted in the text. The record is public and unaltered.

Horvath knew the man who hired her. Melchior Lamy had been the creative director at Cold Open while she was an account executive there. He founded Leroy & Rose in May 2012 as a Georgia corporation with no stated business purpose, and for two and a half years it barely existed: a placeholder website, no annual registration in 2013. It came to life in late 2014, with a registration filed in November and an executive creative director hired from Cold Open in December.^62,64

Then, on February 24, 2015, a week before the election, Lamy gave her campaign $250 and listed his employer as “Leroy and Rose.” The cap in a West Hollywood council race was $500 a person, halved from $1,000 by the City’s own reform, so this was half the most he could legally give. It is the earliest documented transaction between them, and it runs from him to her.^62,19,65 Seven days after she won, the firm’s website went live with eleven client logos on the wall. Five months after that, she was on its books.⁶²

DocumentForm 460, Schedule A · Feb. 24, 2015Click to open the exhibit

DocumentForm 460, Schedule A · Feb. 24, 2015Lindsey Horvath For West Hollywood City Council 2015 (ID 1372737), Form 460 Schedule A, statement period 2/15/2015 to 6/30/2015, p. 20; filed with the City of West Hollywood.

Red underlining added by Occupied West Hollywood to mark the language quoted in the text. The record is public and unaltered.

The movie-poster index IMP Awards credits Leroy & Rose with one poster in 2013 and three in 2014, then ten in 2015, the year she joined, seventeen in 2016, and thirty-three in 2017.^66,67,62

ChartThree credited posters the year before she joined the agency. Thirty-three two years after.

Then the American work collapsed. Through her seven years on the Council the firm’s book was almost entirely American: in 2022, her last year in office, thirty-one United States posters to one foreign. American credits peaked at thirty-two in 2024 and then halved, to sixteen in 2025 and thirteen in the first nine months of 2026, while the foreign work, almost all of it French, went from that one poster in 2022 to fifty-eight in 2025.^67,68

Horvath’s own feed, through those years, is the record of a woman inside that industry: its parties, its awards, its campaigns, and the pride she took in the agency’s work.

The timeline

1. May 6, 2009
   Appointed to the Council, 4 to 0, while an executive at Canyon Design Group³³
2. July 20, 2009
   Seconds the 9000 Sunset tall wall; no disclosure⁴⁶
3. Sept. 2009
   Joins Cold Open, where Lamy is creative director³⁷
4. July 19 and Sept. 7, 2010
   Speaks for the Sunset Time digital display: “I like the signage”⁵⁰
5. March 8, 2011
   Loses her seat³⁷
6. May 16, 2012
   Lamy incorporates Leroy and Rose in Georgia⁶⁴
7. Feb. 24, 2015
   Lamy gives her campaign $250³⁷
8. March 3, 2015
   Wins by 69 votes; the agency’s site goes live a week later³⁷
9. April 30, 2015
   Sworn in as Mayor, six weeks after regaining the seat⁵⁹
10. Aug. 2015
    Leroy & Rose engages her; the firm registers in California Aug. 7³⁷
11. Oct. 5, 2015
    As Mayor, chairs the approval of the pilot digital sign RFP⁶⁰
12. Oct. 17, 2016
    Orange Barrel Media selected for the pilot; Council also directs staff to look for more pilot sites⁷⁵
13. Nov. 5, 2018
    Makes the motion approving 8775 Sunset; passes 3 to 2⁷⁶
14. Dec. 31, 2018
    Orange Barrel Media and its EVP give $500 each to her committee⁷⁷
15. Jan. 2019
    Orange Barrel gives $5,000 to the independent committee; outdoor interests give it $40,000 to $50,000 in all⁷⁷
16. March 18, 2019
    Votes for Ordinance 19-1063, the conversion policy, unanimous⁷⁸
17. Sept. 23, 2019
    As Mayor Pro Tempore, seconds Ordinance 19-1079, which lets existing signs grow; no public speakers⁷⁹
18. Dec. 7, 2020
    As Mayor, presides over 8743 Sunset, the first conversion under the policy⁸⁰
19. Jan. 1, 2021
    Posts her employer’s Little Things art on 9157 Sunset⁸¹
20. March 15, 2021
    As Mayor, votes no on the conflict-of-interest amendments to the Code of Conduct⁸
21. March 30, 2021
    The Sunset Spectacular lights up⁸²
22. July 19, 2021
    As Mayor, presides over and votes aye on converting 9157 Sunset to digital⁶
23. Feb. 4, 2022
    Her employer’s Hulu campaign wraps the Whisky a Go Go; she likes the post⁸¹
24. June 27, 2022
    Seconds 8730 Sunset, a new board with a digital face⁸³
25. Nov. 21, 2022
    Seconds 8901 Sunset, the Whisky, static to digital, $61.8 million agreement⁸⁴
26. Dec. 2022
    Leaves the Council; the engagement and the sole proprietorship end the same month. Land administers her County oath on Dec. 5⁸⁵

What she built, and who lives under it

Horvath spoke for the digital sign at Sunset Time in 2010, over Abbe Land’s objection. As Mayor she chaired the votes that started the City’s own pilot in 2015. She thanked the bidders in 2016 and said the Zaha Hadid entry would have been her choice.⁷⁵ And on November 5, 2018, she made the motion that approved the City’s own digital billboard.

The item was the final design and site license for the Sunset Spectacular at 8775 Sunset, the City’s own billboard, awarded to Orange Barrel Media of Columbus, Ohio. Elyse Eisenberg of the West Hollywood Heights Neighborhood Association filed a position slip in opposition. Nancy Dushkin spoke against it.

Councilmember Lauren Meister said “this is still a digital billboard, it is not an art installation” and could not support it.

Horvath, then a councilmember with John Duran in the chair as Mayor, said on the tape the project would “help inform our policy by digital billboards moving forward,” acknowledged “a certain amount of risk,” and called it “a risk worth taking.” Her motion carried three to two, over the no votes of Meister and Mayor Duran.^76,86,87

VideoCity Council, November 5, 2018, 3:30:05 to 3:38:05. The Sunset Spectacular voteCity of West Hollywood, Granicus archive, clip 3313, stream-copied

Stream-copied from the City of West Hollywood’s own Granicus encode. Picture and sound are the City’s, untouched.

DocumentCouncil minutes · Nov. 5, 2018Click to open the exhibit

DocumentCouncil minutes · Nov. 5, 2018West Hollywood City Council minutes, November 5, 2018, p. 20, Item 4.B

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Red underlining added by Occupied West Hollywood to mark the language quoted in the text. The record is public and unaltered.

Eight weeks later Orange Barrel Media and its executive vice president each gave $500 to Horvath’s re-election committee. That is the maximum. West Hollywood caps an individual contribution at $500, so the company and its vice president each gave every dollar they were allowed. In January the company gave $5,000 to the independent committee supporting her, where no cap applies.^88,65

It was the first new digital billboard on the Strip in more than a decade. Orange Barrel’s own launch announcement says so.⁸⁹ It was also designed as the pilot for everything after it.

The conversion policy passed in March 2019; she voted for it, disclosed that she had met with the Chamber of Commerce’s billboard committee, and asked that applicants already in the queue get preference.⁷⁸ In September 2019, as Mayor Pro Tempore, she seconded the amendment that lets existing signs grow in size over time, at a hearing where no member of the public spoke.⁷⁹

The first application processed under that policy was approved on December 7, 2020, two years after her motion: 8743 Sunset, a static board converted to digital, filed on behalf of Netflix, with Horvath presiding. Ten more digital approvals have followed it, the most recent in April 2026.^80,90,91

The process that picked those winners did not survive a federal court. A judge twice refused to dismiss a claim that the City’s “design excellence” standard gave the people choosing winners unbridled discretion, West Hollywood rescinded that screening process by resolution in April 2025 rather than defend it, and when the case died as moot the sealed record of how the winners were chosen never came out.^92,93

The Spectacular lit up on March 30, 2021. Within a week the Beverly Press was quoting the neighbors. Jerome Cleary, a block and a half away: “The colors in my living room, it’s a giant slideshow, and I’m a block and a half away. Red and blue and yellow, constantly.” Susan Brant, who manages a nearby building: “the light shines and flashes through their blinds.” Eisenberg, who had objected in 2018, noted that the process had excluded the residents north of Sunset who would be most affected.^82,94,95

“24 hour blinding electronic light pollution which pours into my apartment.”

A resident of Sierra Towers, on what the Sunset Spectacular put through his windows

InstagramHer employer wrapped the Whisky a Go Go nine months before she seconded the deal to digitize its billboard.

Not one resident of Sierra Towers or the Heights heard any of this from the dais. Horvath moved these items and seconded them, and she presided from the Mayor’s chair over eighteen of the fifty-nine signage votes of her elected term. Through every one of those years she was paid by an agency whose business was the campaigns that go on billboards and signage.¹⁰

DiagramThe Horvath Model: one seat at the nexus of policy, politics and profitEvery figure on this diagram is established elsewhere in this piece and sourced there.

Diagram drawn by Occupied West Hollywood. It arranges established facts; it does not add any.

One lobbyist filed a third of them

We set out to test a reader’s claim that one operator holds most of the Strip. It does not. What the check turned up instead is a single name on the paperwork.

The City’s resolutions each recite who filed the application. Pulling all twelve digital approvals since 2018 and reading that clause in every one produces a table where Orange Barrel Media filed four and Big Outdoor two, the two companies that between them gave $16,000 to her campaign and to the independent committee backing her. That is six of the fourteen boards, not the majority a reader might assume, and the two boards already standing before 2018 remain unidentified.^91,77

The name that repeats is not an operator. It is a lobbyist. Jeff Seymour of Seymour Consulting Group is the named filer on four of the twelve, a third of every digital billboard approved on the Sunset Strip since 2018. Orange Barrel filed four as well. The difference is who they were filing for: Orange Barrel brought its own projects, while Seymour brought three different clients, Netflix, Big Outdoor and Mani Brothers. He is the only name that recurs across unrelated applicants.⁹¹

1. December 7, 2020, 8743 Sunset. The first conversion approved under the 2019 policy. Filed by Reshma Pendleton on behalf of Netflix, Inc and by Seymour. Horvath presided.^90,80
2. July 19, 2021, 9157 Sunset. Filed by Seymour on behalf of Ryan Levine of Big Outdoor. This is the board she photographed on New Year’s Day carrying her employer’s artwork. She opened the hearing as Mayor and voted aye.^96,6,3
3. May 6, 2024, 8501 Sunset. Filed by Seymour on behalf of Big Outdoor Media Company, after she had gone to the County.⁹⁷
4. January 20, 2026, 9200 Sunset. Filed by Seymour on behalf of Mani Brothers 9200 Sunset (DE), LLC. The Council approved it on January 20, 2026, at the hearing from which Erickson recused.⁹⁸

A fifth sits alongside them. The 2023 approval at 9015 and 9009 Sunset was filed by Aaron Green of the Afriat Consulting Group, Orange Barrel Media’s longtime lobbyist, who in October 2024 sent the Council a joint letter with Seymour on off-site signage in commercial zones.^91,99

What this does and does not show. Filing an application is lawful and it is what lobbyists are hired to do. Seymour is not accused of anything here and no agency has found otherwise. What the table shows is concentration: the same small group of operators, the same two lobbyists, and one councilmember who moved, seconded or presided over four of the five boards approved while she sat, paid the whole time by an agency in the same industry.^91,10

And then she was promoted

In November 2022 Lindsey Horvath was elected to the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Abbe Land, who had named Horvath on every one of her ballots in the 2009 appointment and administered the oath then, administered it again on December 5. She has since chaired the Board. She represents the Third District, roughly two million people, and the job is full time.^85,100

The engagement with Leroy & Rose and the sole proprietorship it was paid through both end that same month, as the Council seat does.^37,101

The habit outlasted Horvath on the Council she left. John Erickson, three months into his term, joined her in voting down the 2021 conflict-of-interest rules. Then he did what the proposed rule was designed to prohibit. He moved $89,446 and later $91,235 of City money to his own employer; the City rescinded and re-took the first vote with his recusal recorded, and never corrected the second.^8,12,13 Chelsea Byers, who won the seat Horvath vacated and whose partner ran Horvath’s 2015 campaign and now works in her County office, is under a referral to the state ethics agency over housing votes and the housing lobby that employs her.^14,15,102

02Why this was likely illegal

The most common defense of what you have just read is one sentence long: she disclosed it. It is true, and it is not a complete answer. California’s Political Reform Act imposes two separate duties on an elected official with outside income, and filing the form satisfies only the first one.

Two duties, not one

The Political Reform Act asks an official with an economic interest to do two different things, in two different places, at two different times. Filing the form is one statute. Stepping aside is another, Government Code section 87100, and it does not say “unless you disclosed it.”^103,104

Measure the record against that second duty. On seventy-eight signage items across two terms, the minutes record no public identification of a financial interest, no recusal and no departure from the room by Lindsey Horvath, on any of them.^105,10,59

She did make a disclosure on a billboard item once. Just not that one. On December 6, 2021, on a request to permit a sign at 9165 to 9169 Sunset, the Mayor opened the public hearing and the members gave their disclosures. The clerk wrote hers down: “Councilmember Horvath disclosed that she met with applicant’s representative.” Erickson, Shyne and D’Amico each disclosed the same kind of contact, and Mayor Meister had none, so this was not a Council that skipped disclosures and not a member who was unaware they were expected on a signage item.

Horvath told the room she had met the applicant’s representative. She did not tell the room that her only outside income came from an agency in the billboard business.^106,107

What the form actually said, and what it could not tell you

Filing the form was not a defense, and it was not a failure either. It was half of what the Political Reform Act asks, done seven times. The half a form cannot do is tell a reader what the filer actually does for money. Look at what a resident would have learned by pulling her Form 700 out of the Clerk’s office and reading it.

On Schedule A-2, the schedule for business entities and their income, she reported the same thing every single year: a business called LPH, described as “Creative Advertising and Marketing Strategy,” with herself as Owner. In the box for each reportable source of income of $10,000 or more to that business, one line: Leroy & Rose. Not a list. One name, on seven consecutive filings.²

DocumentForm 700 · FY2022Click to open the exhibit

DocumentForm 700 · FY2022Lindsey Horvath, Statement of Economic Interests, Schedule A-2, filed 2022

123

Red underlining added by Occupied West Hollywood to mark the language quoted in the text. The record is public and unaltered.

Now read that the way a West Hollywood resident in 2019 would have read it. “Creative Advertising and Marketing Strategy” could describe a graphic designer, a brand consultant, a social-media manager or a political mail shop. “Leroy & Rose” is two first names. Nothing on the page says billboards. Nothing says what the agency sells, or what Horvath did for the money.

And that is not her doing. It is the form. For money reaching a filer through their own business entity, Schedule A-2 asks one thing: the name of the payer. Section 87207(b) requires nothing more. A resident who read every word she filed, correctly, seven years running, would still not know she worked in billboards.^108,109,2

The test that applies, and why the usual answer to it is wrong

The usual defense of a vote like the 9157 Sunset conversion is that her employer was not the applicant. Leroy & Rose never appeared before the Council. It did not own the sign, did not seek the permit, and did not stand to be paid by the City. All of that is true. It is also the wrong test.

When the economic interest is a source of income that is not a party to the decision, materiality is governed by Regulation 18702.3(b), the nexus test. The Fair Political Practices Commission set it out in its December 8, 2025 advice letter to the City of Santa Monica, A-25-153. West Hollywood’s own City Attorney has since analyzed that letter in public, in the City’s request for FPPC advice about Councilmember Byers.^{110,111,15,112}

“Any reasonably foreseeable financial effect on a source of income to a public official or the official’s spouse is material if the decision will achieve, defeat, aid, or hinder a purpose or goal of the source and the official or the official’s spouse receives or is promised the income for achieving the purpose or goal.”

Regulation 18702.3(b), “Nexus”, quoted by the FPPC in Advice Letter A-25-153

There is no dollar threshold in that test and no requirement that the source be a party. The question is narrower and harder: does the decision touch the purpose the official is paid to serve? It has two prongs, and both have to be met.

The first prong asks what the decision does for the source. Leroy & Rose is a billboard advertising agency for the entertainment industry. Its product is the artwork that occupies billboards, and it markets itself on where that artwork appears. A decision that creates a billboard on the Sunset Strip, enlarges one, or converts a static face to a digital screen expands and improves the inventory that work runs on, and the Strip is the most valuable billboard space in the Los Angeles market.^113,4

The second prong asks who was paying Horvath to serve that purpose. Her own sworn Form 700s answer it. Leroy & Rose is her sole source of reportable income for seven consecutive years, at $10,001 to $100,000 a year, for what the form calls creative advertising and marketing strategy. Before that she was Vice President for theatrical print at two agencies, which is the billboard business itself.^2,37

Where the seventy-eight comes from. We read every agenda item in the City’s own minutes for both of her terms and kept the ones that touched off-site signage: a specific sign, a city-wide signage rule, what runs on City-owned faces, or a larger project with signage as a component. That is fifty-nine in the elected term and nineteen in the appointed term, seventy-eight across both. Each one is listed by date and item number in the open file.

What she sat on in those first twenty-two months was not incidental. It includes the appeal of a billboard permit at 9015 Sunset, the tall wall at 9000 Sunset she seconded, the ordinance that established the City’s policy for off-site signage, the referenda filed against that ordinance, and the ballot initiative to tax off-site signs. Cold Open, whose clients were Warner Bros and HBO and whose posters were cut into Sunset Strip billboards, was paying her through all but the first of them.

The employment behind the two terms rests on different records, and we say which. For the elected term it is seven consecutive Statements of Economic Interests naming Leroy & Rose, sworn under penalty of perjury. For the appointed term it is her own federal campaign-finance filings and her own professional profile, which place her at Canyon Design Group and then at Cold Open. The City has not published her Form 700s from 2009 to 2011 and we do not hold them. That is a gap in what we can show, not a gap in what she did.^114,115

Applying both prongs to every signage item Horvath sat on: 59 of the 78 satisfy both prongs on our reading, 48 of the 59 in her elected term and 11 of the 19 in her appointed term. They span thirteen distinct addresses. She presided over eighteen of them as Mayor. Twenty-four passed on the consent calendar in a single unread block. Sixteen touched an operator that had given money to her campaigns. She recused from none, and the minutes record no conflict disclosure by her on any of them.^11,10

Santa Monica: the case the Fair Political Practices Commission has already decided

This is not a novel theory. In December 2025 the FPPC told Santa Monica that Councilmember Jesse Zwick was disqualified from housing decisions because his employer’s goals intersected them. What makes that letter matter here is the list of safeguards Zwick had, and lost anyway:^111,112

The rule she voted against

On March 15, 2021, with Horvath serving as Mayor and in the chair, the Council took up amendments to West Hollywood’s Code of Conduct for Elected and Appointed Officials. The conflict-of-interest motion was taken separately, and it passed “noting the ‘no’ votes of Councilmember Erickson and Mayor Horvath.”^8,9

DocumentCouncil minutes · Mar. 15, 2021Click to open the exhibit

DocumentCouncil minutes · Mar. 15, 2021West Hollywood City Council minutes, March 15, 2021, p. 23, Item 5.E

12

Red underlining added by Occupied West Hollywood to mark the language quoted in the text. The record is public and unaltered.

Here is the rule she voted against, and the City’s own stated reason for wanting it. The second sentence was written by the City Attorney’s office, not by us.

DocumentCode of Conduct, Rule 5.7, as adoptedClick to open the exhibit

DocumentCode of Conduct, Rule 5.7, as adoptedWest Hollywood Code of Conduct for Elected and Appointed Officials, Item 5.E Attachment A, March 15, 2021

123

Red underlining added by Occupied West Hollywood to mark the language quoted in the text. The record is public and unaltered.

“Officials should avoid creating the perception that an Official is being hired (and is receiving financial benefits) because of their work with the city and their familiarity with city policies, rules, ordinances or programs, and blurs the line between professional endeavors and civic engagement.”

West Hollywood Code of Conduct, proposed Rule 5.7, staff explanation, March 15, 2021

03What to do next

None of this is self-correcting. The Fair Political Practices Commission acts on complaints, not on articles. The boards are already up, and one clock in this story runs out in November. Three things follow from the record, and a resident can start all three from a kitchen table.

We are a local publication, not a law-enforcement agency, and we are not your lawyer. Nothing below is a prediction about what any office will do with anything. It is where this record goes next, and who is supposed to receive it.

1This week

Be at City Council on Tuesday, September 22

Tuesday, September 22, 2026. 6:00 p.m. West Hollywood Public Meeting Room, Council Chambers, 625 N. San Vicente Boulevard. The agenda and the eComment form are posted on the City’s own portal.¹¹⁶

Note the day. This is a Tuesday, not the Council’s usual Monday. The meeting was adjourned off Monday, September 21, which is Yom Kippur, and the City’s calendar lists it as an Adjourned Regular Meeting. People who show up on Monday out of habit will find an empty chamber.¹¹⁶

Go, and make them account for all three on the record. Public comment is the one part of the night they cannot summarize away: it is spoken into the tape, and the tape outlives the minutes.

1. Horvath. Built the signage framework while a billboard advertising agency was her only reported outside income, and never once recused in seventy-eight signage items across two terms.^10,2
2. Erickson. Voted to send $89,446 of City money to his own employer and then $91,235 more. The City rescinded the first and re-took it with his recusal recorded, under an item it titled “Correction of Processing Error” citing “the Councilmember employed by the contractor.” It never corrected the second, and that vote still stands.^13,12
3. Byers. Voted on West Hollywood housing while a pro-density housing organization paid her. On June 29, 2026 the Council voted three to two to refer that question to the Fair Political Practices Commission, with Byers and Erickson the two votes against referring it.^14,15

In each case the room found out afterward, or has not been told yet. That is the thing to demand on Tuesday: that these three stop deciding what the public is allowed to know about who pays them. Send it by email, as general public comment. That is the route that surfaces publicly: written correspondence received by noon on the day of the meeting is forwarded to the Council and posted with the agenda as correspondence, where anyone can read it afterward. Send it to council@weho.org, and to publiccomment@weho.org if you want to speak. You can submit through the City’s eComment form for this meeting as well.¹¹⁶

2The framework

Challenge the billboard program these votes built

A billboard program was written and carried by someone the billboard advertising business was paying. That is the grievance, and it does not belong only to the residents living under the lights. Every operator who bid into that process was competing under rules set by an interested party, and the City has never said otherwise.^117,93

They are not alone in doubting it. West Hollywood pulled its own screening process rather than defend it, rescinding by resolution in April 2025 after a federal judge twice refused to dismiss a claim that its “design excellence” standard gave the people picking winners unbridled discretion. The sealed record of how the winners were chosen never came out. The framework those votes built is still standing, and in November 2025 the Council extended it on a CEQA addendum to a document written in 2019, over Lauren Meister’s objection on the tape.^92,118,119

The Political Reform Act contemplates exactly this. Under section 91003, any person residing in the jurisdiction may sue to enjoin violations or compel compliance. On a preliminary showing that a section 87100 violation occurred a court may restrain the official action, and if the violation is established and the action “might not otherwise have been taken or approved,” the court may set it aside as void. The statute names permits, resolutions and contracts among the actions it covers.¹²⁰

The same statute sets out what trying costs. The court gives “due weight to any injury that may be suffered by innocent persons relying on the official action,” it may require a complaint to the Fair Political Practices Commission first, and a losing party can be made to pay the other side’s fees. Whether a particular approval is still reachable is a question for counsel.¹²⁰

And anyone can do this much without a lawyer. Every new billboard, conversion and sign-ordinance amendment gets a noticed public hearing. Put this history into that record, in writing, before the vote, and ask the Council and the City Attorney a question they have to answer on the tape.

Say this, or write it, before the vote

“What is the City’s position on the validity of the off-site signage framework adopted between 2015 and 2022, given that a member who moved, seconded and presided over those items was throughout that period reporting a billboard advertising agency as her sole source of outside income, and made no public identification and no recusal on any of them? Has the City Attorney analyzed this, and will that analysis be released?”

Written correspondence received by noon on the day of a West Hollywood Council meeting is forwarded to the Council and posted as part of the permanent record. Send it to council@weho.org, and to publiccomment@weho.org if you want to speak.

3The prosecutors

Send the record to the two offices with jurisdiction

The Fair Political Practices Commission is the usual destination, and a sworn complaint to it is the ordinary route. But the Political Reform Act is not only a civil statute, and the Commission is not the only office that can act.

A knowing or willful violation of the Political Reform Act is a misdemeanor, carrying a fine of up to the greater of $10,000 or three times the amount involved, for each violation.¹²¹ Criminal enforcement does not belong to the Fair Political Practices Commission. “The district attorney of any county in which a violation occurs has concurrent powers and responsibilities with the Attorney General”, and for a local agency the district attorney is also the civil prosecutor.¹²² For West Hollywood, both roles land in the same building on West Temple Street.

That word is knowing. On February 20, 2018 Horvath abstained from a consent item and had the Clerk write her reason into the permanent record: “She noted her abstention on Item 2.K. due to work contact with the Consultant.” She knew the rule, she knew the mechanism, and she knew that a work relationship is the thing that triggers it, because that is the reason she gave. She then voted against a rule about accepting paid work connected to her own policymaking. She is not an official positioned to say she did not know the rule was there.^59,9

One clock in this story runs out in November

Section 91000(c): “Prosecution for violation of this title must be commenced within four years after the date on which the violation occurred.” Horvath’s last West Hollywood signage vote was November 21, 2022, the conversion of the Whisky a Go Go billboard at 8901 Sunset. Four years from that date is November 21, 2026. Which acts count as violations, and when the clock begins to run on each, are questions for a prosecutor and not for us. But the arithmetic is not complicated, and the window on that vote is measured in weeks.^121,84

Los Angeles County District Attorney, Public Integrity Division

The District Attorney’s Public Integrity Division reviews “complaints alleging criminal misconduct committed by elected and appointed officials, and their subordinates, committed in the course of their official duties.” Its published intake has three rules: complaints must be in writing, must contain some proof of criminal misconduct, and will not be taken over the phone. There is no online form.¹²³

Emailpublicintegrity@da.lacounty.gov

MailLos Angeles County District Attorney’s Office, Public Integrity Division, 211 West Temple Street, Suite 1000, Los Angeles, CA 90012

EncloseA printed copy of The Horvath File, which is the proof: the Form 700s, the minutes, the campaign filings and the tape citations, all of it public record.

United States Attorney’s Office, Central District of California

The United States Attorney’s Office for the Central District of California keeps a Public Corruption and Civil Rights Section, which prosecutes “bribery, extortion, fraud, and embezzlement committed by elected and appointed officials, government employees, and those doing business with city, state, and federal government.”¹²⁴ We make no claim that any federal offense has been committed here; that judgment is the government’s to make and nobody else’s. For public corruption specifically, the office’s own reporting page routes the public to the Federal Bureau of Investigation.^125,126

FBI Los AngelesTips at tips.fbi.gov, or (310) 477-6565, 24 hours

US AttorneyThe Citizen Complaint Form, emailed to USACAC.Citizen.Complaints@usdoj.gov or mailed to ATTN: Citizen Complaint Coordinator, 312 N. Spring Street, 12th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90012

NoteNeither office will confirm whether it has opened anything, and neither should be expected to reply. That is not a sign your referral went nowhere.

4The fix

Ask Rick Chavez Zbur and Brian Goldsmith to introduce a new state law

Everything in Part Two turns on one gap, and the gap is fixable by a bill. Horvath’s disclosure was accurate and it was unreadable, because on the schedule where her income was reported the form asked only for a name.¹⁰⁹

The whole City of West Hollywood sits in the 51st Assembly District, at 100 percent, and its member is Rick Chavez Zbur.¹²⁷ Its state Senate seat, District 24, is on the ballot on November 3, and Brian Goldsmith is running for it.¹²⁸ Nothing can be introduced until the new Legislature convenes in December, and a bill filed then begins moving in January 2027, which makes this an ask for the next session rather than this one. The ask is two fields.

1. Make the source classifiable, not just nameable. Section 87207(a) already requires a general description of the business activity of each source of income paid to a filer directly. Section 87207(b) requires only a name when the same money arrives through the filer’s own entity. Close that gap, and require a NAICS code for the source, the standard federal industry classification the Census Bureau maintains. “Creative Advertising and Marketing Strategy” is a phrase somebody chose. A code is not. The system has a line for advertising agencies at 541810, and a line for the billboard business itself at 541850, Indoor and Outdoor Display Advertising. A resident can look either one up in a minute, and a filer cannot write one vaguely.^108,109,129
2. Ask what the job actually is. The form captures a business position, a title, which the Legislature itself added in 1997. A title is not a description. Add a short plain-language field for the filer’s duties for that source, so that “Marketing Advertising Specialist” has to be accompanied by what the work is.^130,109

This is a thing a legislator can actually do, and it has been done before. The business-position field on today’s Form 700 exists because the Legislature added section 87209 to the Act by ordinary bill in 1997.¹³⁰ The Act arrived as a 1974 ballot initiative, so an amendment must further its purposes, be in print and online for eight days, pass each house by two-thirds of the membership, and be signed by the Governor.¹³¹

That two-thirds is the real obstacle, and it is worth naming when you write. The purposes themselves are not an obstacle: the Act says in its own opening that “assets and income of public officials which may be materially affected by their official actions should be disclosed.”¹³²

A field that makes an existing disclosure legible is about as squarely within that sentence as a change can be. Five separate bills amended these sections in 2025 alone.

There is a second, lower door, and it is worth asking for at the same time. The Fair Political Practices Commission is directed to “prescribe forms for reports, statements, notices and other documents required by this title,” and may adopt regulations to carry out the purposes of the Political Reform Act. The FPPC reissues the Form 700 every cycle and could widen the Schedule A-2 box itself, at least as far as the statute already reaches.¹³³

District office1445 North Stanley Avenue, 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90046 · (323) 436-5184

Capitol officeP.O. Box 942849, Sacramento, CA 94249-0051 · (916) 319-2051

Contact formLinked from his official member page^134,135

A letter that fits in one screen

“I live in West Hollywood, in your district. A member of our City Council reported the same source of outside income on seven consecutive Statements of Economic Interests while voting fifty-nine times on the industry that paid her, and no resident reading those forms could have known what the payer did, because Schedule A-2 asks only for a name.

Please introduce a bill amending the Political Reform Act so that a reportable source of income to a filer’s own business entity carries the same business-activity description Schedule C already requires, and so that the existing business-position field is accompanied by a short description of the filer’s actual duties for that source. The Legislature added the business-position requirement itself in 1997. This is the same kind of change, and it would cost the state nothing.”

Political escape velocity

There is a name for what this record describes, and it is not corruption in the cartoon sense. Nobody here was handed a bag of cash. What the documents show is a method, and the method has a shape you can state in four steps.

1. Take the part-time seat. A West Hollywood council seat pays a stipend, not a living. Everyone on that dais has a day job, which is exactly the fact the system treats as normal and therefore stops looking at.
2. Take the day job from the business your own body decides on. That is the step that makes the rest work. Horvath was paid by Leroy & Rose, a billboard advertising agency, for the seven years she wrote and carried the Sunset Strip billboard rules. Erickson was paid by Planned Parenthood Los Angeles, which holds a City services agreement, and he voted City money to it twice. He is now at the selective street-vendor deregulation organization called ABC, the Alliance for a Better Community, and has cited it from the dais as his reason to oppose street-vendor enforcement. Byers is paid by the Welcoming Neighbors Network, a pro-density housing lobby, and votes on West Hollywood housing. Then file the form, because the form is checkable, and watch it fail to describe any of that.^2,44,14
3. See whether anyone notices. Nobody did. Not the Council, not the City Attorney who advised it on those items, not the Clerk whose office held the seven filings, not the press. The one time a court got near the machinery, the City rescinded the round rather than let the record come out.^9,92
4. Move fast enough to be gone before the question lands. The seat was a platform, and the platform worked. Appointed in 2009, elected in 2015, Mayor within six weeks, County Supervisor in 2022, Chair of the Board after that. Two million constituents and a full-time salary. By the time anyone reads the Form 700s, the filer is somewhere the Form 700s no longer reach.^85,100

That is the escape velocity. A fraud worked on a part-time city council is a small, slow, local problem, policed by neighbors who mostly are not looking and by an agency that acts only when someone complains.

Horvath did not outrun the rules. She outran the people who enforce them.

Here is where the billboard program stands now. On February 17, 2026 the City put the number on paper itself. Its own staff report: “The City has approved 12 projects and there are 31 project applications currently under review in various stages of the review process.”

Over the next few years, staff wrote, there could be thirty-one new billboard projects approved, under construction, or operational. The pilot she carried in 2015 and 2016 had become a queue of forty-three billboard projects.

By September it was forty-five. The quarterly development update prepared for the Council’s September 22, 2026 meeting lists the program board by board: eleven billboards operational, four approved and not yet built, and thirty more in the pipeline. Eleven of the thirty already have Planning Commission or Council dates, from the Andaz at 8401 Sunset on October 19 through the first quarter of 2027. One of the new applications is on Santa Monica Boulevard, the first off the Strip.^136,137

Two digital billboards stood on the Sunset Strip when Horvath moved the City’s own in 2018, while the agency paying her sold the advertising that runs on screens like them. Fourteen stand or are approved today. If the thirty applications now in the queue are approved, the Strip she helped write the rules for ends up carrying more than three times what it carried when she left the Council.

ChartTwo in 2009. Fourteen now. Forty-five if the queue clears.

Sources

Numbered in order of first use. Minutes and staff reports open in the City’s Granicus archive. Links marked The File open the open-source documentary record behind this piece.

1. FilingInstagram post by @lindseyphorvath, July 13, 2026instagram.com, captured from a signed-in session · July 13, 2026↑
2. The FileThe Horvath File, Section One: the disclosed interest, seven Statements of Economic InterestsOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
3. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Five: 9157 Sunset. The one she photographed herselfOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
4. The FileThe Horvath File, Section One: What Leroy & Rose doesOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
5. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Nine: Big Outdoor, at 9157 SunsetOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
6. MinutesCity Council minutes, July 19, 2021, Item 3.A, 9157 Sunset. The City's own PDF, mirrored here because Granicus serves an empty page for this clipCity of West Hollywood · July 19, 2021↑
7. Staff reportStaff report, Item 3.A, July 19, 2021, 9157 Sunset: “Owner/operator shall pay a public benefit equal to 30% of projected value ($24.8 – $28.7 million over 30 years). This will have a 3% escalation each year.”City of West Hollywood, Granicus agenda packet, clip 3647 · July 19, 2021↑
8. MinutesCity Council minutes, March 15, 2021, Item 5.E (conflict-of-interest amendments)City of West Hollywood · March 15, 2021↑
9. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Ten: the conflict-of-interest rules she voted againstOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
10. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Four: How she voted, on all of itOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
11. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Six: ResultsOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
12. Press“UPDATED: WeHo’s contract with Planned Parenthood lacked recusal from John Erickson”WEHOonline · Nov. 7, 2022↑
13. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Fifteen: John Erickson and his employer's City contractsOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
14. Press“Council Votes to Refer Byers to State Ethics Agency. What’s Next?”Occupied West Hollywood · June 2026↑
15. FilingCity of West Hollywood request for FPPC advice regarding Councilmember ByersCity Attorney of West Hollywood, via WEHOonline · July 13, 2026↑
16. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Fifteen: Chelsea Byers and the housing organization that pays herOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
17. Press“Mayor Horvath Endorses John Erickson for West Hollywood City Council”WEHOville, archived October 30, 2020 · October 7, 2020↑
18. CampaignErickson for West Hollywood 2020, endorsements page, archived July 24, 2020erickson4weho.com · July 24, 2020↑
19. FilingCampaign disclosure filings, City of West HollywoodNetFile public portal · 2015 to 2022↑
20. CampaignByers for West Hollywood City Council 2022, endorsements page, archived November 22, 2022chelsea4weho.com · November 22, 2022↑
21. FilingFinal Official Statement of Votes Cast, West Hollywood City Council, November 8, 2022Los Angeles County Registrar-Recorder / County Clerk · Nov. 8, 2022↑
22. Press“Council Member Chelsea Byers Officially Announces Run for Re-Election”WEHO TIMES · May 21, 2026↑
23. Press“West Hollywood Councilmember John Erickson Launches Bid for California State Senate District 24”WEHO Times · 2026↑
24. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Twelve: Approvals by year, 2009 to 2026Occupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
25. EvidenceDigital billboard growth on the Sunset Strip, 2009 to 2026, year by yearOccupied West Hollywood, evidence table · Sept. 18, 2026↑
26. EvidenceMovers and seconders on every off-site signage item after Horvath’s departure, December 2022 to June 2026Occupied West Hollywood, from City Council minutes · 2026↑
27. MinutesCity Council minutes, October 7, 2024, Item F.1 (off-site signage in commercial zones)City of West Hollywood · October 7, 2024↑
28. MinutesCity Council minutes, June 15, 2026, Item F.6 (temporary advertising installations)City of West Hollywood · June 15, 2026↑
29. Staff reportStaff report, Item F.7, Billboard Saturation Study, February 17, 2026City of West Hollywood · February 17, 2026↑
30. MinutesCity Council action establishing the application processCity of West Hollywood · April 27, 2009↑
31. MinutesCity Council minutes, May 4, 2009: “LAUREN MEISTER, WEST HOLLYWOOD, spoke regarding the vacant seat on the City Council and her decision not to submit an application.”City of West Hollywood · May 4, 2009↑
32. TapeCity Council meeting video and captions, May 4, 2009, clip 663, at 31:45: Meister withdrawsCity of West Hollywood, Granicus · May 4, 2009↑
33. MinutesCity Council minutes, May 6, 2009, the appointment. The City's own PDF, mirrored here because Granicus serves an empty page for this clipCity of West Hollywood · May 6, 2009↑
34. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Two: The field she was chosen out ofOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
35. MinutesCity Council special meeting minutes, May 13, 2009 (oath of office)City of West Hollywood · May 13, 2009↑
36. TapeCity Council meeting video and captions, May 6, 2009, applicant presentationsCity of West Hollywood, Granicus, clip 676 · May 6, 2009↑
37. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Two: the trade she came fromOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
38. Press“Lindsey Horvath Chosen For West Hollywood City Council Seat”WeHo News, archived by the Internet Archive · May 2009↑
39. FilingIndividual contributions, Lindsey Horvath, California (employer and occupation fields)Federal Election Commission · 2008 to 2026↑
40. Press“Lindsey Horvath’s Council Application Essay”WeHo News · May 11, 2009↑
41. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Two: What the Council asked for in writing, and what it gotOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
42. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Two: One name that never appearsOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
43. PressErickson conflict of interest on the vendor voteWEHOonline · 2025↑
44. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Fifteen: What the three of them put on the formOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
45. Press“Lauren Meister On Appointing Council Members”WeHo News, archived June 17, 2009 · May 14, 2009↑
46. MinutesCity Council minutes, July 20, 2009, Item 3.A (9000 Sunset tall wall)City of West Hollywood · July 20, 2009↑
47. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Eleven: the fact that cuts the other wayOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
48. EvidenceDid Cold Open work appear on West Hollywood billboards during her appointed term? Method, coverage, resultsOccupied West Hollywood, evidence memo · Sept. 18, 2026↑
49. MinutesCity Council minutes and tape, July 19, 2010, Item 3.C (Sunset Time, Large Screen Video Sign)City of West Hollywood · July 19, 2010↑
50. MinutesCity Council minutes and tape, September 7, 2010, Item 3.A (Sunset Time, approved 4 to 1)City of West Hollywood · Sept. 7, 2010↑
51. EvidenceWas digital signage discussed during her appointed term? FindingsOccupied West Hollywood, evidence memo · Sept. 18, 2026↑
52. FilingCertificate of Canvass and Resolution No. 15-4661, certifying the March 3, 2015 General Municipal Election: D’Amico 2,312; Meister 2,138; Horvath 2,135; Heilman 2,066City of West Hollywood, City Clerk · March 16, 2015↑
53. MinutesCity Council minutes, March 16, 2015: the canvass is certified, D’Amico, Meister and Horvath are sworn in, and keys to the City are presented to Councilmember Land and Mayor Pro Tempore HeilmanCity of West Hollywood · March 16, 2015↑
54. Press“New members sworn into WeHo council”Beverly Press · March 19, 2015↑
55. PressCommentary on the appointmentWeHo News, archived June 17, 2009 · May 14, 2009↑
56. Staff reportStaff report, filling the City Council vacancy: Councilmember Prang was elected Los Angeles County Assessor on November 4, 2014 and resigned effective December 1, 2014City of West Hollywood · Dec. 15, 2014↑
57. FilingSpecial Municipal Election of June 2, 2015, results as announced by the City: Heilman 2,026; Shink 1,185; Block 637; Ettman 384City of West Hollywood · June 3, 2015↑
58. MinutesCity Council minutes, June 15, 2015: the June 2 special election is certified and Councilmember Heilman signs the Oath of OfficeCity of West Hollywood · June 15, 2015↑
59. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Three: the standard she set for herselfOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
60. MinutesCity Council minutes, October 5, 2015, Item 4.CCity of West Hollywood · Oct. 5, 2015↑
61. Staff reportStaff report, October 5, 2015, Item 4.C: RFP for the pilot digital sign at 8755 SunsetCity of West Hollywood · Oct. 5, 2015↑
62. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Two: The agency was founded by a man she had worked withOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
63. Evidence8775 Sunset, the pilot: three questions answered from the recordOccupied West Hollywood, evidence memo · Sept. 18, 2026↑
64. EvidenceLamy and Horvath: the consolidated timelineOccupied West Hollywood, evidence memo · Sept. 18, 2026↑
65. Press“The Citizens Agenda: WeHo City Council Candidates on Campaign Finance Reform” (the individual contribution limit is $500, cut from $1,000)WEHOville · Feb. 9, 2015↑
66. FilingDesigner page: Leroy & Rose (385 poster pages linked, captured Sept. 18, 2026)IMP Awards · captured Sept. 18, 2026↑
67. EvidenceLeroy & Rose poster credits by year, recounted from the captured pageOccupied West Hollywood, evidence data · Sept. 18, 2026↑
68. EvidenceMathilde Lamy and Leroy & Rose France, noteOccupied West Hollywood, evidence memo · Sept. 18, 2026↑
69. FilingInstagram post by @lindseyphorvath, Jan. 26, 2018instagram.com, captured from a signed-in session · Jan. 26, 2018↑
70. FilingInstagram post by @lindseyphorvath, June 15, 2018instagram.com, captured from a signed-in session · June 15, 2018↑
71. FilingInstagram post by @lindseyphorvath, July 29, 2019instagram.com, captured from a signed-in session · July 29, 2019↑
72. FilingInstagram post by @lindseyphorvath, Sept. 23, 2019instagram.com, captured from a signed-in session · Sept. 23, 2019↑
73. FilingInstagram post by @lindseyphorvath, Aug. 28, 2020instagram.com, captured from a signed-in session · Aug. 28, 2020↑
74. FilingInstagram post by @lindseyphorvath, Apr. 13, 2021instagram.com, captured from a signed-in session · Apr. 13, 2021↑
75. MinutesCity Council minutes, October 17, 2016, Item 4.B (team selected for the pilot)City of West Hollywood · Oct. 17, 2016↑
76. MinutesCity Council minutes, November 5, 2018, Item 4.B (8775 Sunset, final design and site license)City of West Hollywood · Nov. 5, 2018↑
77. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Nine: the money from the industryOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
78. MinutesCity Council minutes, March 18, 2019, Item 3.A (Ordinance 19-1063, the conversion policy)City of West Hollywood · March 18, 2019↑
79. MinutesCity Council minutes, September 23, 2019, Item 3.A (Ordinance 19-1079, signs may grow)City of West Hollywood · Sept. 23, 2019↑
80. MinutesCity Council minutes, December 7, 2020 (8743 Sunset, the first conversion)City of West Hollywood · Dec. 7, 2020↑
81. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Five: the board her employer usedOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
82. Press“Billboard a spectacular headache for neighbors”Beverly Press · April 7, 2021↑
83. MinutesCity Council minutes, June 27, 2022 (8730 Sunset)City of West Hollywood · June 27, 2022↑
84. MinutesCity Council minutes, November 21, 2022, Item 3.A (8901 Sunset, the Whisky a Go Go)City of West Hollywood · Nov. 21, 2022↑
85. Press“Horvath sworn in as supervisor”Beverly Press · Dec. 2022↑
86. Staff reportStaff report, November 5, 2018, Item 4.BCity of West Hollywood · Nov. 5, 2018↑
87. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Twelve: 8775 Sunset, November 5, 2018: the one divided voteOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
88. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Nine: Orange Barrel Media, after Horvath’s motionOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
89. PressSunset Spectacular launch announcement (“the first digital out-of-home media on the storied Sunset Strip in over ten years”)Orange Barrel Media · 2021↑
90. Staff reportAgenda and attachments, December 7, 2020, 8743 Sunset: the application was filed by Reshma Pendleton on behalf of Netflix, Inc and Jeff Seymour of Seymour Consulting GroupCity of West Hollywood, Granicus agenda packet, clip 3580 · Dec. 7, 2020↑
91. EvidenceWho filed every digital billboard approval on the Sunset Strip, 2018 to April 2026: applicant and property owner for each, from the City’s own resolutions and development agreementsOccupied West Hollywood, evidence memo · Sept. 19, 2026↑
92. CourtKBS Holdco, LLC v. City of West Hollywood, No. 2:22-cv-05750 (C.D. Cal.), docketCourtListener / PACER · 2022 to 2026↑
93. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Thirteen: the program itself is in federal courtOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
94. Press“The Urban Blight of Sunset Spectacular” (opinion)WEHOville · April 8, 2021↑
95. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Twelve: Residents' accounts after the Spectacular lit, 2021 to 2025Occupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
96. Staff reportAgenda and attachments, July 19, 2021, 9157 Sunset: the application “was filed … by Jeff Seymour of Seymour Consulting Group on behalf of Ryan Levine of Big Outdoor”City of West Hollywood, Granicus agenda packet, clip 3647 · July 19, 2021↑
97. Staff reportAgenda and attachments, May 6, 2024, 8501 Sunset: the application was filed by Jeff Seymour of Seymour Consulting Group on behalf of Big Outdoor Media CompanyCity of West Hollywood, Granicus agenda packet, clip 4070 · May 6, 2024↑
98. MinutesCity Council minutes, January 20, 2026, Item C.1 (full-motion billboard; Erickson recused)City of West Hollywood · January 20, 2026↑
99. EvidenceCorrespondence from Jeffrey A. Seymour, Seymour Consulting Group, to the City Council: “On behalf of my Client, Big Outdoor Media” (8501 Sunset development agreement), and the joint Afriat Consulting Group and Seymour Consulting Group letter on off-site signage in commercial zonesCity of West Hollywood correspondence record · June 24 and Oct. 7, 2024↑
100. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Fourteen: the Los Angeles County record, 2023 to 2026Occupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
101. The FileThe Horvath File, Section One: And when it stoppedOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
102. EvidenceChelsea Byers, profile and endorser listOccupied West Hollywood, research file · June 26, 2026↑
103. FilingGovernment Code section 87100: a public official shall not make, participate in making, or use their official position to influence a governmental decision in which the official has a financial interestCalifornia Legislative Information · current↑
104. FilingGovernment Code sections 87200 to 87210: who files a Statement of Economic Interests, and what the filing requiresCalifornia Legislative Information · current↑
105. FilingGovernment Code section 87105: an official who holds an office specified in section 87200 must publicly identify the financial interest in detail sufficient to be understood by the public, recuse, and leave the roomCalifornia Legislative Information · current↑
106. MinutesCity Council minutes, December 6, 2021, Item 3.B (9165-69 Sunset; councilmember disclosures)City of West Hollywood · December 6, 2021↑
107. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Four: She did make a disclosure on a billboard item. Just not that oneOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
108. FilingGovernment Code section 87207: what a Statement of Economic Interests must disclose about income, including the name, street address and a general description of the business activity of each sourceCalifornia Legislative Information · current↑
109. FilingForm 700, Statement of Economic Interests, 2025/2026 edition (Schedule A-2, Schedule C and their instructions)Fair Political Practices Commission · use through Dec. 31, 2026↑
110. FilingRegulation 18702.3: materiality standard for economic interests in business entities and sources of income that are not parties to the decision (the nexus test at subdivision (b))Fair Political Practices Commission · current↑
111. FilingFPPC Advice Letter A-25-153 (Zwick, Santa Monica)Fair Political Practices Commission · Dec. 8, 2025↑
112. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Six: The Santa Monica comparisonOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
113. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Six: The standardOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
114. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Four: the votesOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
115. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Six: How the test was applied to all 78 itemsOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
116. MinutesCity Council agenda, Adjourned Regular Meeting, September 22, 2026, 6:00 p.m., West Hollywood Public Meeting Room, Council Chambers, 625 N. San Vicente BoulevardCity of West Hollywood, Granicus · Sept. 22, 2026↑
117. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Six: the governing test, and the limits of this recordOccupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
118. MinutesCity Council minutes, November 3, 2025, Item C.1 (SPA 25-0001 and the CEQA addendum)City of West Hollywood · November 3, 2025↑
119. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Thirteen: And the environmental document carried forward, November 3, 2025Occupied West Hollywood · 2026↑
120. FilingGovernment Code section 91003: any person residing in the jurisdiction may sue for injunctive relief, and on a showing that a section 87100 violation occurred the court may set the official action aside as voidCalifornia Legislative Information · current↑
121. FilingGovernment Code section 91000: a knowing or willful violation of the Political Reform Act is a misdemeanor, with a fine of up to the greater of $10,000 or three times the amount, and prosecution must be commenced within four years of the violationCalifornia Legislative Information · current↑
122. FilingGovernment Code section 91001: the district attorney of any county in which a violation occurs has concurrent criminal enforcement powers with the Attorney General, and district attorneys are the civil prosecutors with respect to local agenciesCalifornia Legislative Information · current↑
123. FilingPublic Integrity Division: what it reviews, and how to submit a complaintOffice of the Los Angeles County District Attorney · read Sept. 19, 2026↑
124. FilingPublic Corruption and Civil Rights SectionUnited States Attorney's Office, Central District of California · read Sept. 19, 2026↑
125. FilingReport a federal crime: the Citizen Complaint Form, and where the office routes public-corruption reportsUnited States Attorney's Office, Central District of California · read Sept. 19, 2026↑
126. FilingContact the FBI Los Angeles Field OfficeFederal Bureau of Investigation · read Sept. 19, 2026↑
127. FilingAssembly District 51, places in district: the City of West Hollywood appears at 100 percentOffice of Assemblymember Rick Chavez Zbur · read Sept. 19, 2026↑
128. PressBrian Goldsmith (D), candidate for California State Senate District 24, on the ballot in the general election of November 3, 2026Ballotpedia · 2026↑
129. ReferenceNorth American Industry Classification System, 2022: 541810 Advertising Agencies; 541850 Indoor and Outdoor Display AdvertisingU.S. Census Bureau · 2022↑
130. FilingGovernment Code section 87209: business positions must be disclosed. Added to the Political Reform Act by the Legislature in 1997 (Stats. 1997, Ch. 455, Sec. 3)California Legislative Information · added 1997↑
131. FilingGovernment Code section 81012: the Political Reform Act may be amended to further its purposes by a statute passed by two-thirds of the membership of each house and signed by the GovernorCalifornia Legislative Information · current↑
132. FilingGovernment Code section 81002(c), the purposes of the Political Reform Act: assets and income of public officials which may be materially affected by their official actions should be disclosedCalifornia Legislative Information · current↑
133. FilingGovernment Code section 83113(a): the Commission shall prescribe forms for reports, statements, notices and other documents required by the Political Reform Act; with section 83112, its regulation-making powerCalifornia Legislative Information · current↑
134. FilingMember page, Assemblymember Rick Chavez Zbur, 51st District, with the public contact formCalifornia State Assembly · read Sept. 19, 2026↑
135. FilingContact: Capitol and district offices, Assemblymember Rick Chavez Zbur, 51st DistrictOffice of Assemblymember Rick Chavez Zbur · read Sept. 19, 2026↑
136. Staff reportQuarterly Update on Additional Sunset Arts and Advertising Projects, September 2026: Attachment C to Item E.1, Quarterly Update on DevelopmentCity of West Hollywood · Sept. 22, 2026↑
137. Staff reportQuarterly Major Project Update, September 2026: Attachment A to Item E.1, listing a proposed two-sided full-motion digital billboard at 8500 Santa Monica BoulevardCity of West Hollywood · Sept. 22, 2026↑
138. The FileThe Horvath File, Section Twelve: What is still coming: the City's own count, February 2026Occupied West Hollywood · 2026↑